Summary: New research suggests that consuming moderate amounts of coffee or caffeine may lower the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The study, which analyzed data from over 170,000 participants in the UK Biobank, found that those who consumed around three cups of coffee or 200-300 mg of caffeine daily had the lowest risk of developing these conditions.
Key Takeaways:
- Protective Effect of Coffee and Caffeine: Moderate coffee or caffeine intake, defined as three cups or 200-300 mg of caffeine per day, was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases.
- Broad Health Benefits: Regular coffee consumption was linked to lower risks across nearly all stages of cardiometabolic disease development, suggesting coffee may play a protective role in preventing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
- Public Health Implications: The findings highlight the potential of promoting moderate coffee or caffeine intake as a dietary habit to help prevent cardiometabolic diseases in otherwise healthy individuals.
Consuming moderate amounts of coffee and caffeine regularly may offer a protective effect against developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke, according to new research published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Researchers found that regular coffee or caffeine intake, especially at moderate levels, was associated with a lower risk of new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity, which refers to the coexistence of at least two cardiometabolic diseases.
The prevalence of individuals with multiple cardiometabolic diseases, or cardiometabolic multimorbidity, is becoming an increasing public health concern as populations age around the world, notes the study.
Coffee and caffeine consumption could play an important protective role in almost all phases of cardiometabolic multimorbidity development, researchers found.
“Consuming three cups of coffee, or 200-300 mg caffeine, per day might help to reduce the risk of developing cardiometabolic multimorbidity in individuals without any cardiometabolic disease,” says the study’s lead author Chaofu Ke, MD, PhD, of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health at Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, in Suzhou, China, in a release.
Moderate Amounts of Coffee May Have Protective Effect
The study found that compared with non-consumers or consumers of less than 100 mg of caffeine per day, consumers of moderate amount of coffee (three drinks per day or caffeine 200-300 mg per day) had the lowest risk for new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
The study found that compared with non-consumers or consumers of less than 100 mg caffeine per day, consumers of moderate amount of coffee (3 drinks per day or caffeine 200-300 mg per day) had a 48.1% or 40.7% reduced risk for new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
Ke and his colleagues based their findings on data from the UK Biobank, a large and detailed longitudinal dietary study with over 500,000 participants aged 37-73 years. The study excluded individuals who had ambiguous information on caffeine intake. The resulting pool of participants included a total of 172,315 individuals who were free of any cardiometabolic diseases at baseline for the analyses of caffeine and a corresponding 188,091 individuals for the analyses of coffee and tea consumption.
The participants’ cardiometabolic disease outcomes were identified from self-reported medical conditions, primary care data, linked inpatient hospital data, and death registry records linked to the UK Biobank.
Coffee and caffeine intake at all levels were inversely associated with the risk of new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity in participants without cardiometabolic diseases. Those who reported moderate coffee or caffeine intake had the lowest risk, the study found. Moderate coffee or caffeine intake was inversely associated with almost all developmental stages of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
“The findings highlight that promoting moderate amounts of coffee or caffeine intake as a dietary habit to healthy people might have far-reaching benefits for the prevention of [cardiometabolic multimorbidity],” Ke says in a release.
Addressing a Research Gap
Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed the protective effects of coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption on morbidity of single cardiometabolic diseases. However, the potential effects of these beverages on the development of cardiometabolic multimorbidity were largely unknown.
The authors reviewed the available research on this topic and found people with single cardiometabolic disease may have a two-fold higher all-cause mortality risk than those free of any cardiometabolic diseases. By contrast, the researchers found individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity may have an almost four to seven times higher risk of all-cause mortality. The researchers also noted that cardiometabolic multimorbidity may present higher risks of loss of physical function and mental stress than those with single diseases.
The manuscript, “Habitual coffee, tea and caffeine consumption, circulating metabolites, and the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity,” was published online, ahead of print.
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